Walmart
Walmart is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a vast chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Founded in 1962 by Sam Walton, it has grown into the world’s largest retailer and private employer, serving millions of customers daily across more than 20 countries. Walmart’s influence on global supply chains and consumer pricing has made it a defining force in modern retail.
Key facts
- Founded: 1962, Rogers, Arkansas
- Founder: Sam Walton
- Headquarters: Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.
- CEO: Doug McMillon (since 2014)
- Employees: ~2.3 million worldwide
- Annual revenue: Over $500 billion (2025)
Business structure and operations
Walmart operates through three major divisions: Walmart U.S., Walmart International, and Sam’s Club. This global network includes nearly 11,000 stores and a growing e-commerce presence. The company’s “Everyday Low Prices” model underpins its strategy of driving high sales volume through operational efficiency, massive purchasing power, and advanced logistics. Walmart’s distribution network—among the largest in the world—supports both its brick-and-mortar stores and online fulfillment centers.
Organizational model
Walmart uses a matrix organizational structure, blending hierarchical and functional designs. A 12-member board and an executive committee led by the CEO oversee corporate strategy, while regional and divisional presidents manage operations for U.S., international, and warehouse-club markets. Functional departments such as marketing, supply chain, technology, and finance provide shared expertise across divisions, allowing coordination at scale and flexibility in local markets.
Culture and impact
Rooted in Sam Walton’s values—service to the customer, respect for the individual, striving for excellence, and acting with integrity—Walmart emphasizes efficiency and cost control. The company has faced scrutiny over labor practices, supplier pressures, and environmental impact but has responded with wage increases, sustainability goals, and community initiatives through Walmart Foundation. Walmart continues to adapt through digital transformation, omnichannel integration, and technological innovation to maintain leadership in a changing retail landscape. (walmart.org)
